Tuesday, March 18, 2014

cow urine use for cancer

In all 150 male and 100 felale patients of age between 23 years to 82 years with the mean age of 50.76 years had been treated as under.

Name of disease	No. of patients	Average age of patient	Average duration of disease	Average Time of relief
Ovarian Tumour	10	61 years	2 years	2.5 months
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy	20	61.5 years	1.5 years	3.8 months
Renal Cell Carcinoma	10	68 years	2 years	2.8 months
Breast Cancer	50	45 years	3.66 years	3.5 months
CLL	20	60.5 years	3.41 years	2 months
Tubercullar Lymphadenopathy	10	34 years	10 years	1.9 months
Cervical Cancer	10	56 years	3 years	3.2 months
Uterine Fibroid	20	41.5 years	2 years	2.2 months
Prostate Cancer	10	62 years	1 year	3.1 months
Urinary Bladder Cancer	10	55 years	1 year	3.5 months
Neurofibroma	10	39 years	25 years	1.8 months
Throat Cancer	20	64 years	0.54 year	3.4 months
Sub Mucous Fibrosis	30	35.66 years	4.33 years	2.4 months
Oral Cancer	20	53.3 years	3 years	3.6 months
Acute lymphoblastic Cancer	15	35 years	3 years	2.3 months
Cancer (Benign or malignant)	250	50.76 years	3.84 years	2.8 months

The above study was based on the symptomatic relief found to the patient undergoing our treatment. The symptomatic relief signifies the improvement in physical conditions like low diet, difficulty in swallowing, constipation, vomiting, sever pain and other problems. Further various researches have been done and going on which signifies its role as follows:

(US Patent #6410059): Cow Urine in a specific amount is scientifically proven to enhance the anti-microbial effects of antibiotic and antifungal agents. The invention relates to a novel use of cow urine as activity enhancer and availability facilitator for bioactive molecules, including anti-infective agents. The invention has direct implication in drastically reducing the dosage of antibiotics, drugs and anti-infective agent while increasing the efficiency of absorption of bio-active molecules, thereby reducing the cost of treatment and also the side-effects due to toxicity.
(US Patents #6896907, #7235262): Use of bioactive fraction from cowurine (`go-mutra`) as a bio-enhancer of anti-infective, anti-cancer agents and nutrients. The invention relates to a novel pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of bio-active fraction from cow urine as a bioavailability facilitator and pharmaceutically acceptable additives selected from anticancer compounds, antibiotics, drugs, therapeutic and nutraceutic agents, ions and similar molecules which are targeted to the living systems.

Hence it heps in reducing the growth of cancer cells, improving the quality of life and life expectancy

of the patient.

Anti-cancer property of cow urine

Urological Disorders treated with Cow Urine Therapy

The urinary system consists of all organs, muscles, nerves that create and store urine in the human body. The main organs are kidneys, urethras and bladders, and there are many nerves that are associated with these organs. The urinary system is hugely significant for flushing toxins out of the body. It serves the main function of keeping the body free from all kinds of liquid impurities. Urological disorders refer to all those diseases that are associated with kidneys, urethras, nerves and the tracts. Failure of any of these organs can be fatal, and even take life of the patient.

Urological disorders need exceptional attention and treatment. Modern medicine has been successful in curing almost all kinds of urine related diseases with the help of medicines and transplants. But there have been cases where patients have faced severe side effects due to use of certain treatments. This has, in turn, increased the popularity of natural medicine lines like Ayurveda. There are many treatment systems in Ayurveda, which have cure patients miraculously. Along with medicine, Ayurveda is about using the right way of life, to have a better and healthy living.

Cow urine therapy is an age old concept in Ayurveda that is concerned with using the components of cow urine for treating various body disorders. In context to urological disorders, cow urine is extremely beneficial because it provides some of the most basic vitamins and minerals into the body. While vitamin C is most prominent, cow urine also exhibits traces of gold and copper.

There are many Ayurvedic fitness centers, which have used cow urine therapy, with other herbal medicines, for curing diseases related to kidney and bladders. In western countries, the concept is still in the first developmental stage as there are no standard treatments specified. Patients can, however, contact Ayurvedic firms in Asia for knowing the details of using the therapy. Cow urine can be consumed in small amounts daily for the general benefit of the body.

Cow urine can treat hypertension

Intake of cow urine reimburses the shortage minerals in body like copper, potassium, and gold salts so. Gold salts guard body from all diseases. So habitual intake of cow urine before sickness can balance your immunity and ward off diseases. It is a miraculous poison destroyer (antioxidant) washes out the toxins from body.

The various Cancer types and Cancer treatments

Cow Urine Therapy is an ancient therapy part of Ayurveda which has been re-established by study and research. Cow urine contains various elements which are present in our body and required by our body. It tries to balance those elements if they are more or less hence re establishing the equilibrium for a healthy body. Cow’s urine is very much capable ofnatural cancer treatment. For more information on herbal cancer treatment visit our website at cowurine.com.

Cure For Respiratory Disorders

The respiratory system is the system that facilitates respiratory gases to inside of the body and helps in performing gas exchange which in turn helps in purification of blood in the body.

Cow urine contains various elements which are present in our body and required by our body. It tries to balance those elements if they are more or less hence re establishing the equilibrium for a healthy body. Cow urine is able to cure a number of diseases including respiratory disorders, diabetes and blood disorders etc.

How cow urine therapy can cure blood disorders

Blood disorders are known to occur due to various reasons. Primarily, infection or infection-related ailments can cause blood disorders. Such infection can be caused due to the presence of bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses that affect the organs of our body.

Blood disorders can include conditions such as immunodeficiency, leukemia, aplastic anemia, coagulation and many other blood diseases. Blood disorders could be caused due to deficiency of vital substances in the blood or also due to prolonged exposure to radiation or toxins. The use of therapeutic durgs over a long period of time can also cause blood disorders.

Ayurveda prescribes natural treatment for blood disorders. Importantly, Ayurveda believes in the purification of the body organs and corrects ailments with the help of medicines that are highly effective as well as efficient in curing a person of his disease with absolutely no side-effects. Ayurveda also promotes the use of cow urine therapy in curing blood disorders. While there exist many medications that can be considered under the natural herbal treatment of blood disorders, cow urine is proving to quite popular among the practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine as well as people who have found the therapeutic uses of cow urine to be much higher than most other medicines available in the market and that too at unaffordable prices.

Blood disorders are mainly due to the reason that blood is not able to carry and deliver the vital nutrients need by the different body parts to function properly. Administration or consumption of cow urine corrects these defects and makes up for the deficiency of vital substances in the blood. It is also beneficial for eliminating the poisonous effects of harmful substances that accumulate in the blood or the organs of the body. In more ways than one, cow urine helps to detoxify blood, cleaning up the body in the process and making way for regeneration of red blood cells in the body. Blood disorder treatment with the help of cow urine therapy is therefore gaining popularity in the entire world.

Fighting ENT Disorders with cow urine therapy

ENT stands for Ear-Nose-Throat and ENT disorders are those ailments which affect these three organs of the body. It is a known fact that an ailment affecting one of these organs tends to have repercussions on the other two organs as well. This is quite commonly noticed among children as well as elders.

ENT disorders can occur due to infections, allergies, microorganism imbalances and even due to change in seasonal conditions. More importantly, diseases affecting the ear, nose and throat could be contagious and spread from one person to another within a very short span of time.

If early diagnosis and medical attention is not provided in case of ENT problems, it could lead to further problems such as vocal cord disorders, hearing and speech disorders and even more dangerous diseases such as oral and laryngeal cancer or salivary gland cancer.

Ayurveda promotes the use of natural therapy for curing and rectifying ENT disorders. The use of various plants, herbal extracts and of course cow urine is increasingly gaining importance not only in Ayurveda but in other fields of medical science as well.

Cow urine is believed to enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages. If there are infected cells in the body, cow urine can help in lowering the inflammation caused due to infections in the body cells. Bacterial and microbial infections can also be taken care of using cow urine. Cow urine acts as an excellent coolant as well and is used to increase the remedial capacities of other herbal treatments when administered to patients suffering from ENT disorders.

Cow urine therapy is today among the widely accepted natural treatment solutions for a number of diseases. Combined with other natural treatment therapies, cow urine therapy is highly effective in providing permanent relief from simple as wella s chronic ailments. With its antibiotic and antitoxic qualities and that too without any known side effects, cow urine therapy is decidedly the best that Ayurveda has given to the modern world

Effective remedies for respiratory disorders with cow urine therapy

The respiratory system performs one of the most important functions in the body. The exchange of gases in the body as well as the flow of respiratory gases in the body is carried out by the respiratory system. This entire process also results in the purification of blood in the body. Hence, the respiratory system is considered to be among the vital systems in the body.

The respiratory system is made up of the respiratory muscles, the lungs and the airways that facilitate the movement of gases inside the body. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the assimilation of the vital substances in molecular form take place in the lungs.

Respiratory disorders are said to occur when any one of the organs of the respiratory system do not function properly. Common respiratory ailments include asthma, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer and the ubiquitous cough and breathlessness.

Ayurveda recognizes respiratory disorders to be among the common cause for most illnesses around the world. While multiple medication methods and therapies are available to deal with respiratory problems, natural treatment of respiratory diseases can be possible with the use of natural herbal extracts and cow urine.

Cow urine is now becoming very popular in the treatment of respiratory disorders. Its antifungal, germicidal, antibacterial and antimicrobial qualities help prevent building up of unwanted substances in the respiratory organs. Its inherent nutrients such as salts, minerals and vitamins have time and again proved beneficial in curing breathing related problems.

Ayruveda promotes healthy eating, exercise and the right kind of medicines for curing respiratory disorders. Weight control and cow urine therapy are directly proportional and results in instant results.

It has also been proved that cow urine results in purification of blood while reducing the amount of blood lipids and glucose found in blood. Thus, it actually enhances the functioning of the respiratory system. Many practitioners of Ayurveda recommend prescribed consumption of cow urine at regular intervals to help keep respiratory disorders at bay.

Cow’s urine and cancer

The cow urine therapy and its gifted quality of being able to cure various diseases like cancer, AIDS, etc. has been mentioned in the holy books like Atharva Veda, Charak Samhita, Rajni Ghuntu, Vridhabhagabhatt, Amritasagar, Bhavprakash and Sushrut Samhita. There has been much researches carried out in the past few years proving that cow’s urine can help heal the cancer and also several other diseases. Of late, the cow urine therapy has been granted U.S. Patents (No. 6896907 and 6,410,059) for its medicinal properties and for using it with ayurvedic herbals for the curing bacterial infection and fighting against cancers.

It has been found that the cow urine has enhanced the phagocyte activity of macrophages and is very helpful in thwarting and controlling the infections. It has also been found to improve and enhancing the immune system by the secretion of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 and thus help fighting cancer.

The cow urine has been analyzed to contain substances that are found to be of importance to the human body and so consuming cow urine will help maintaining the balance of these substances. This in turn helps and cures incurable diseases like cancer.

Also, it has been revealed that the antioxidant properties of cow urine and its distillate can make available potential therapeutic intervention for the oxidative threats, in case of both - health and disease. It has been suggested that these antioxidant agents protect key cell components by counterbalancing the negative effects of free radicals. The free radicals are natural by products of cell metabolism and by counter acting against them the process of aging can be prevented. There is enough circumstantial proof that do associate free radicals with the mediation of a wide range of diseases like diabetes, aging, ENT disorders, heart diseases, skin diseases etc.

side effect of gomutra

Evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant effect and safety profile of gomutra ark in Wistar albino rats

Devender O. Sachdev, Devesh D. Gosavi, and Kartik J. Salwe

Additional article information

Abstract

The effect of Gomutra ark (GoA) on experimental alloxan-induced diabetes in rats was studied. For this purpose, Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 200-250 g were used. The biochemical parameters like blood sugar, vitamin C, and malondialdehyde release were measured. The safety profile of GoA was evaluated using acute and chronic toxicity studies. GoA significantly lowers blood glucose in diabetic rats although the observed effect was found to be less than glibenclamide. It significantly lowers the level of malondialdehyde and vitamin C in diabetic rats. No toxicity was observed even when cow urine was given 32 times of the study dose in acute toxicity and no significant changes were seen when it was used chronically, which suggests that cow urine is having a very high therapeutic index. This study supports the traditional use of GoA in diabetes and is having a high therapeutic index and is safe for chronic use. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of Gomutra ark.

KEY WORDS: Alloxan, antidiabetic, antioxidant, glibenclamide, Gomutra ark

INTRODUCTION

In Ayurveda, cow urine (Gomutra) occupies a unique place and has been recognized as water of life or “Amrita”.[1] In Sushruta Samhita, it has been described as the most effective substance of animal origin. In India, drinking of cow urine has been practiced for thousands of years.[2]

In Panchagavya Ghrita, it is one of the important ingredients. Panchgavya, a term used to describe a formulation constituted with five major substances like urine, milk, ghee, curd, and dung obtained from cow. All the five products possess medicinal properties and are used singly or in combination with some other herbs against many diseases.[3] This unique kind of the treatment called as Cowpathy or Panchgavya pathy and it has been reported to be beneficial even for deadly diseases like diabetes, cancer, and AIDS.[1,4]

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperlipidaemia, negative nitrogen balance, and sometimes ketonemia.[5] The widespread pathological changes leads to complications like retinopathy, microangiopathy, and nephropathy.[] Most of the oral hypoglycemic agents, currently in use, produce serious side effects like hypoglycemic coma and hepatorenal disturbances. Also safety of most of the presently used drugs is not established during pregnancy.[7] Hence, there is an urgent need for the search of safer and more effective hypoglycemic agents.

Cow urine has been granted US Patents (No. 6,896,907 and 6,410,059) for its medicinal properties, particularly as a bioenhancer and as an antibiotic, antifungal, and anticancer agent. With regard to the latter, it has been observed to increase the potency of “Taxol” (paclitaxel) against MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line, in in vitro assays (US Patent No. 6,410,059).[]

There are so many claims regarding the use of cow urine. Out of these the most important claim is regarding its antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, but only few scientific literatures are available to support this claim.[]

Hence, the present study was designed to validate the antidiabetic as well as the antioxidant effect of Gomutra ark (GoA) scientifically and also to know if it has any acute and chronic adverse effects and cause any biochemical change in urine parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Chemicals and equipment

GoA was procured from Govigyan Anusandhan Santhan, Deolapur, Nagpur. Alloxan monohydrate was purchased from sigma chemicals, Mumbai. Glibenclamide of Cipla Company was procured from local medical store. The solvents and chemicals of analytical grade were used and obtained from the Swastik Chemicals Nagpur. The glucometer manufactured by Prestige Company was used.

Animals

Adult Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g of either sex were used for the study. The animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions (light period of 12 h/day and temperature 27°C ± 2°C) with access to water and libitum. The animals were used in groups of six for all the studies.

Ethical clearance

Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the institute where the research was conducted (MGIMS/IAEC/5/2008).

Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of Gomutra ark

The antidiabetic activity of the GoA was assessed using Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetes in rats. For this purpose, following an overnight fast, animals were injected intraperitoneally with freshly prepared Alloxan monohydrate 2% solution dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride in a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight.[10] Fasting blood glucose (FBS) was recorded daily at 9.00 am for 1 week by glucometer; blood was collected from tail vein for this purpose. Animals developed stable hyperglycemia after 4-5 days.

Only those animals with FBS between 200 and 300 mg/dl were selected for the study. They were divided into three groups of six animals in each. The three groups were named as diabetic control, standard, and test group, respectively.

Group 1 (Diabetic control)

Diabetic animals of this group were kept for overnight fasting and their FBS was recorded at around 9 am. This value is considered as FBS value of zero day. Rats were given normal lab food ad libitum. The rats were kept for overnight fasting, prior to the day on which the fasting blood sugar was to be recorded. FBS was recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day.

Group 2 (Standard control)

After recording the FBS values of the zero day of this group, these animals were orally fed with Glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg body weight on the morning of everyday for 30 days. FBS values of the animals of this group were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day.

Group 3 (Test group)

After recording the FBS values of the zero day of this group, the animals were given GoA by oral route, using feeding needle, in dose of 1 ml/kg body weight twice a day, for 30 days. FBS values were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day.

Evaluation of antioxidant action of the Gomutra ark

The antioxidant action of the GoA was assessed by using thiobarbiturate acid reactive substances and estimation of the ascorbic acid.

Estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

The estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was done by employing the procedure given by Satoh in 1978, using thiobarbiturate acid reactive substances by TCA-TBA method.[] The animals were divided into three groups of six animals in each. The first group was taken as normal control. The diabetes was induced in Group 2 and Group 3 by the procedure as mentioned earlier. Group 2 animals were fed on normal diet ad libitum and considered as diabetic control. Group 3 animals were given GoA daily in dose of 1 ml/kg for 30 days. On 30th day, the blood was withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus and was used for the measuring of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. MDA value is expressed as nmole/g of Hb.

Estimation of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

The estimation of the ascorbic acid was assessed by the procedure given by Mc Cormack and Greene.[12] The animals were divided in to three groups of six animals in each. The first group was taken as normal control. The diabetes was induced in Group 2 and Group 3 by the procedure as mentioned earlier. Group 2 animals were fed on normal diet ad libitumand considered as diabetic control. Group 3 animals were given GoA daily in dose of 1 ml/kg for 30 days. On 30th day, the blood was withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus and used for the measuring of the vitamin C levels. Vitamin C value is expressed as mg/dl of Hb.

Toxicity studies of Gomutra Ark

Acute toxicity study

Male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into five groups of six animals each. All groups were given GoA in increasing doses. Group 1 received the GoA at a dose of 2 ml/kg, Group 2 received GoA at a dose of 4 ml/kg, Group 3 received GoA at a dose 8 ml/kg, Group 4 received GoA at a dose of 16 ml/kg, and Group 5 received GoA at a dose of 32 ml/kg. The single dose of GoA was administered orally after overnight fasting. The animals were observed continuously for 2 h, and then occasionally for further 4 h and finally overnight.

Animals were observed for tremors, clonic convulsions, tonic extensions, catatonia, spasticity, opisthotonus, ataxia, sedation, ptosis, respiration. Further photoactometer was used to observe any change in motor activity, whether it is increased or decreased.

Chronic toxicity studies

Animals were divided into two groups of six animals. First group was control and received laboratory food ad libitum. The second group was given GoA 1 ml/kg twice daily. The various parameters which were observed were weight, food intake, any gross change in behavior, motor activity. The mean weight of the rats in different groups was recorded after 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months.

RESULTS

Effect of Gomutra ark on Alloxan-induced diabetes

In Group 1 (control group), there was sustained increase in the mean blood glucose level till 28th day after induction of the diabetes by Alloxan. The mean blood glucose level for the diabetic control group on day 0 was 268.33 mg/dl and was 263.5 mg/dl on 28th day.

The Group 2 (Glibenclamide) group, showed a sustained drop in the mean blood glucose levels when compared between 0 day to 28th day. On day 0, it was 257.67 mg/dl, which dropped significantly to 127 mg/dl on 28th day.

The group which received GoA (Group 3) also showed a sustained drop in the mean blood glucose level when compared between 0 day to 28th day. On day 0 it was 258.17 mg/dl, which dropped significantly to 188 mg/d on 28th day. The drop in the mean blood glucose levels obtained by the GoA was less than that of the standard drug Glibenclamide, but when compared to the control the drop in the blood glucose level was statistically significant on 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day.

The mean blood glucose fall percentage in the glibenclamide group when compared between 0 and 28th day was 332.42%, and for the group receiving GoA it was 18.68%. Though fall in blood glucose percentage for the group receiving GoA was less than Glibenclamide group this was statistically significant, as the P value was less than 0.05 [Tables [Tables11 and and22].

Table 1

Mean values of blood glucose kevels and standard deviations in different group of animals

Table 2

Comparison of percentage reduction in blood glucose levels in case of glibenclamide group and group receiving GoA

Antioxidant effect of Gomutra ark

The mean MDA level was expressed in nmoles/g of hemoglobin. In Group 1 (Control), on the day 0, the level of MDA was 86.56 while on the 30th day, the level of MDA was found to be 84.41. In Group 2 (Diabetic control), the levels of the MDA were 126.41 on day 0 and 124.17 on day 30. The group 3 which received GoA, the mean MDA levels was found to be 127.11 on day 0 which was decreased significantly to 112.6 on 30th day [Table 3].

Table 3

MDA levels of different groups expressed in nanomoles/gram of Hb

The mean vitamin C level was expressed in mg/dl of Hb. In Group 1 (Control group), on the day 0, the level of Vit C was 1.39 while on the 30th day the level was 1.39. In the group 2, i.e. the diabetic control group, the levels of the Vit C were 0.52 on day 0 and 0.34 on day 30. The group which received GoA, the Vit C level was found to be 0.41 on day 0 which was decreased significantly to 0.27 on 30th day when compared to Group 2 [Table 4].

Table 4

Vitamin C levels of different groups expressed in mg/dl of Hb

Acute toxicity study

When single dose in various doses 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 ml/kg were given to various groups, the signs such as tremors, convulsions, catatonia, spasticity, opishotonous, ataxia, ptosis were not observed even at the dose of 32 ml/kg, which is 32 times more than dose used in the study. Also, respiration was normal when GoA was used in high dose. The mean Photoactometer readings of the control group was found 152.83 ± 33.58, Group 1 was 146.67 ± 34.81, Group 2 was 166.00 ± 48.8, Group 3 was 159.16 ± 57.7, Group 4 was 161.67 ± 47.9, and Group 5 was 140.33 ± 52.3. The differences were found statistically insignificant [Tables [Tables55 and and66].

Table 5

Signs in different groups when observed for 24 h

Table 6

the mean of photoactometer readings observed for 10 min after 24 h of receiving GoA

Chronic toxicity

The mean weight of rats in Group 1 (Control) was found 174 ± 22.69 g at 0 month and 172 ± 18.41 g at the end of 3 months, whereas the mean weight of rats in Group 2 (GoA) was found 184.16 ± 25.38 g at 0 month and 175 ± 17.60 g at the end of 3 months. This difference was statistically insignificant [Table 7].

Table 7

The mean weight of the rats after 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months

The photoactometer readings in Group 1 (Control) was 151.34 ± 57.7 at the end of 0 month and 148 ± 44.7 at the end of 3 months, whereas for the Group 2 (GoA) the photoactometer reading initially was 152.83 ± 33.58 and was significantly increased to 193.66 ± 37.22 [Table 8].

Table 8

The photoactometer readings after 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months

DISCUSSION

The study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of GoA. The parameters studied were plasma blood glucose, plasma MDA, and vitamin C levels. In our study, the mean blood glucose level was found to be decreased for the diabetic group receiving GoA daily for 28 days. This shows that the observed anti-diabetic effect is of moderate magnitude and less in comparison to glibenclamide. However, what is important is that GoA produces significant lowering of the blood sugar level and validates the claim that it is effective in diabetes. There are many mechanisms by which the increased blood sugar level is lowered. Among the probable mechanisms are increase in the glucose transport across cell membrane resulting in increased peripheral glucose utilization, increased glycogen synthesis from glucose, decreased glycogenolysis in liver, increased insulin release from beta cells of islet of Langerhans in pancreas, increase sensitivity of insulin receptors, decreased insulin resistance, and decreased glucose absorption from intestine.

GoA might be acting through one or more than one of the above mechanisms. What might be the mechanism in our study cannot be definitely said. Further studies are required for this purpose; cow urine, contains sulfur which might have some action like sulphonylureas, or it might be increasing sensitivity of insulin receptors, or causing more release of insulin.[13]

Cow eats various herbs, the metabolite of which can be present in urine. Many useful elements have been found in cow urine. The metabolite found in urine might have antihyperglycemic action. Further in our study we found GoA has an antioxidant effect. Cow urine contains volatile fatty acids which act as antioxidant,[] The antioxidant potential might be contributing for the antihyperglycemic effect, by preventing formation of the free radicals which cause damage to the beta cells of pancreas.

Alloxan and the product of its reduction, dialuric acid are reported to generate free radicals. These radicals undergo dismutation to hydrogenperoxide. Thereafter, highly reactive hydrogen radicals are formed by the fenton reaction. The action of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in a simultaneous massive increase in cytosolic calcium concentration which may be responsible for the rapid destruction of beta cells.[14]

Apart from these reactive oxygen species diabetes also increases lipid peroxidation by initiating the beta oxidation of fatty acids by the cell membrane and is mediated by the fatty acyl coenzyme, a oxidase enzyme resulting in membrane function impairment and altering membrane permeability. Increased lipid peroxidation in the diabetic condition results due to increased oxidative stress in the cells as a result of the depletion of the antioxidant scavenging enzymes.[15]

Hence, from our results, it is suggested that GoA might have a significant protective effect against alloxan-induced type I DM. GoA contains volatile fatty acids like acetic acid 2 propenyl ester, acetic acid methyl ester, 2 2 3 trichloro propionic acid, Butanoic acid-3methyl, propyl ester, 1H indol-3-acetate, acetic acid phenyl ester, quinoline, which act as an antioxidant. The antioxidant potential might be contributing for the antihyperglycemic effect, by preventing formation of the free radicals which cause damage to the beta cells of pancreas.

In acute toxicity study, no toxicity was observed even when cow urine was given 32 times of the study dose, which suggests that cow urine is having very high therapeutic index. Although no histopathological studies were undertaken, we can say that GoA is safe in animals.

In the chronic toxicity study, there was no significant change in the weight of rats after 3 months of GoA, which suggest that GoA does not cause weight gain.

Further, for the study done for chronic toxicity, the photoactometer readings at the end of 3 months significantly rose when we compare it at 0 month, which suggests that GoA has some possible CNS stimulant action and might be causing increase energy levels.

In some traditional literature, it has been mentioned that cow urine causes a sense of generalized well being, our finding of some increase in the spontaneous motor activity might indicate the same thing in animals, and this sense of wellbeing not causing any weight gain or signs of CNS stimulation is very important.

Hence, from this study, it was found that cow urine has antidiabetic potential which might be due to its antioxidant activity. It is having very high therapeutic index and is very safe.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

From the present e study it can be concluded that GoA has a significant anti-diabetic effect which is comparable to standard drug glibenclamide. This activity may be due to the presence of sulfur in the cow urine or due to its antioxidant activity. Thus, this study supports the traditional use of GoA although further studies are needed to know the exact mechanism of action of GoA.

Footnotes

Source of Support: MGIMS, Sewagram

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Article information

Anc Sci Life. 2012 Jan-Mar; 31(3): 84–89.

doi: 10.4103/0257-7941.103180

PMCID: PMC3530343

Devender O. Sachdev, Devesh D. Gosavi,1 and Kartik J. Salwe2

Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Jagdalpur

1Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram

2Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry

Address for correspondence: Dr. Devesh D. Gosavi, Department of Pharmacology, MGIMS, Sewagram, India. E-mail: deveshgosavi/at/yahoo.com

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Articles from Ancient Science of Life are provided here courtesy of Medknow Publications

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